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Replacing a drum-brake wheel cylinder

Brake fluid is generally renewed when a leaking or sticking wheel cylinder on a drum brake is replaced with a new one. Read more

Acceleration and Economy

There is a great deal more to using a car's power than meets the eye. A car should not be driven hard or its performance abused, but power used wisely, in the right place at the right time, can be the safest course of action. When confronted with a hazard, it can be preferable to accelerate away rather than brake or steer your way out of trouble. Considering the efforts of car manufacturers to improve performance, and the importance which many car buyers attach to it, it is surprising how rarely this response is used by drivers. Moments do arise, such as during overtaking, when a car should be driven to the full extent of its potential, as more force with the right foot could keep a driver out of trouble rather than getting him into it. Read more

Driving in Summer

You might expect summer to be the easiest time of the year for driving, but do not be misled into thinking that there are no special hazards when the weather is warmer. As well as the special road conditions which can occur in summer, you should bear in mind that driving is more tiring on a bright day. Sunglasses are essential to reduce the strain on your eyes. Heat and the sun's glare also make you feel more sleepy, so stop to rest your eyes if you feel that your concentration and alertness start to suffer. Read more

How the braking system works

Most modern cars have brakes on all four wheels, operated by a hydraulic system . The brakes may be disc type or drum type. Read more

The engine - how power is created

The conversion of fuel energy into power in an engine starts when petrol is mixed with air in a device called a carburettor , to form a highly combustible mixture. Read more

How to bleed a clutch

Many cars have clutches that work hydraulically. The mechanism that operates them is sturdy and long lasting, requiring only an occasional look in the fluid reservoir (See Checking and removing a clutch master cylinder ) to make sure the level is correct. Read more

Fitting new clutch seals and removing a slave cylinder

Always renew the seals whenever you dismantle the master cylinder or slave cylinder . Read more

How variable-jet carburettors work

A carburettor mixes fuel and air in the proportions and quantity the engine needs at any time. Read more

How the fuel system works - fixed-jet carburettors

The fixed-jet carburettor resembles the simpler variable-jet type (See How variable-jet carburettors work ) in having a venturi - a constricted neck - through which air flows on its way to the engine . Read more

Lubricating hinges, pedals and locks

At regular service intervals clean and lubricate hinges on moving panels and foot-pedal pivot points. Check the accelerator cable for stiffness. Read more

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